Which of the following is a common risk factor for shoulder dystocia?

Fetal macrosomia, which refers to a higher than normal fetal weight (typically over 4,000 grams), is a significant risk factor for shoulder dystocia. In cases of fetal macrosomia, the baby is larger than average, increasing the likelihood that their shoulders may become impacted during delivery, leading to the complications associated with shoulder dystocia. The scenario arises because the delivery of a larger baby can make it more difficult for the shoulders to navigate through the birth canal, potentially causing them to become stuck after the head has been delivered.

Understanding this risk factor is critical for healthcare providers as they prepare for delivery. Recognizing signs of fetal macrosomia can lead to proactive measures, such as monitoring the labor more closely or considering alternative delivery methods if the risks are deemed to outweigh the benefits of a vaginal delivery. By being aware of fetal macrosomia as a risk factor, healthcare teams can better manage potential complications associated with shoulder dystocia.