Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for shoulder dystocia?

The correct choice highlights that maternal age above 35 is not considered a significant risk factor for shoulder dystocia compared to other options listed. While advanced maternal age can be associated with certain pregnancy complications, the specific physiological mechanisms linking it to shoulder dystocia are not as pronounced as those associated with maternal obesity, prolonged labor, and maternal diabetes.

Maternal obesity is linked to higher birth weights and increased body mass, which can contribute to complications during delivery, including shoulder dystocia. Similarly, prolonged labor can result in a range of complications that might increase the likelihood of a difficult delivery. Maternal diabetes is associated with larger fetal sizes (macrosomia), which is one of the most critical factors for the occurrence of shoulder dystocia.

Thus, while maternal age may influence various aspects of pregnancy and delivery, it does not have the same established connection to shoulder dystocia as the other factors do.