During which stage of labor does shoulder dystocia occur?

Shoulder dystocia occurs during the second stage of labor. This stage is characterized by the descent and eventual delivery of the fetus, specifically as the presenting part, usually the head, emerges through the birth canal. It is during this critical moment when the shoulders may become impacted against the maternal pelvic anatomy, leading to shoulder dystocia.

Understanding that this complication arises when the head has been delivered but the shoulders do not follow promptly is vital. Healthcare providers must be prepared to recognize signs of shoulder dystocia during this stage to implement maneuvers that can help resolve the situation and ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.

Each of the other stages has distinct characteristics: the first stage involves cervical dilation and effacement, the third stage refers to the delivery of the placenta, and the transition phase is part of the first stage where contractions intensify as the cervix approaches full dilation. Therefore, they do not align with the onset of shoulder dystocia.